BODY MOVEMENT
MOVEMENT: When the living organisms moves a body part without a change in the position of the organisms.
LOCOMOTION: Locomotion is the movement of the entire body from one place to another.
SKELETON: The bones present in our body forms a framework this framework is called skeleton.
There are two types of skeletons that contain all 206 bones
1.Axial skeleton: The axial skeleton is made up of 80 bones the axial skeleton support and protect the brain, spinal cord and internal organs. Ribcage, cranial bones, facial bones, skull are included in axial skeleton.
2.Appendicular skeleton: The appendicular skeleton is made up of 126 bones. The appendicular skeleton consists of the bones of the upper arms and legs. The upper limbs contain the bones of the hand, carpals, arms and pectoral girdle. The lower limbs contain the bones of the foot, tarsals, leg, and pelvic girdle.
Joints: Joints are the points where are two parts of the skeleton are fitted together to make movement possible.
Types of joints in human body
- Ball and socket joints: It is a type of joint in which ball shape surface of one bone fitted into the hollow space of another bone known as ball and socket joints. ex: shoulder joints.
- Pivotal joints: Pivot joints are joints that permit rotatory movement of bones, around a single axis. It allows us to move our head forward and backward as well as sideways.
- Hinge joints: A hinge joint is a joint in the body where two or more bones meet. ex: fingers, elbow and ankles contain hinge joints.
- Fixed joints: Joints that do not move are called fixed joints. ex: skull bones
BONES: Bones are the hard structure below our skin that protect our internal organ.
CARTILAGE: Cartilage is a strong flexible connective tissue that protect your joints and bones.
Major function of the cartilage:
1.Provide a framework
2.It supports soft tissue.
3.Cartilage help your joints keep their shape while moving.
MUSCLES: Muscles are the soft tissues that is filled with protein filament. It is a tissue that help in maintaining a posture and position of a body.
FUNCTIONS OF MUSCLES
THEY PERFORM TWO TYPES OF MOVEMENT
1.VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT 2. INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENT
VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT: The movements that are our control. you use your nervous system to control these movement. ex: bending of the hand
INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENT: The movements that are not under our control. Ex: beating of heart, blinking of eyes.
GAITS OF ANIMALS
Different pattern of movement of animals due to the difference in their skeletal structure are called gaits of animals.
Earthworm:
1.Does not have bones
2.Earthworm body is made up of rings
Snails:
1.The snails creep on the surface with the help of their muscular feet.
2.A muscular organ called foot helps in locomotion.
EXAM RELATED QUESTION
1.What is bone marrow? Give its main function.
Ans. Bone marrow is a substance that found in the center of the bones. Its main function to produce new blood cells to replace damaged cells.
2.List the organ that are protected by the ribcage?
Ans. Heart and lungs
3.Name various parts of skeletal system?
Ans. Skull, backbone, limb bones, chest bones hip bones
4.Name the bones which protect the heart from all sides?
Ans. Breastbone from front and the backbone at the back protect the heart.
5.What is cartilage?
Ans Cartilage is soft, elastic and flexible connective tissue. It prevents the bones from rubbing against one another.