GETTING TO KNOW PLANT
Plants
Plants are the most essential living organisms on the earth. They produce oxygen which is crucial for the survival of the living organisms.
From where does a plant come?
A plant comes from a seed. This seed is covered from a seed coat, which protect the seed.
Classification of plant on the growth habit
The plants are classified 5 different types
1.Herbs: A herbs is a non woody plant that has a green and tender stem. ex: tomato, mint
2.Shrubs: A plant that is small to medium size is known as a shrub. They are bushy and have hard stem which do not bend easily. Ex: rose, henna
3.Trees: These are big plants which have strong and long stem. Ex: mango, neem
4.Climbers: Climbers are plants with soft green weak stems that need support to stand and grow up. ex: money plant, pea plant
5.Creeper: Plants with weak stems that cannot stand straight and spread on the ground. ex: watermelon, muskmelon
Plants are classified in three types on the basis of life cycle:
- Annuals: plants whose life cycle is completed in one season. ex: wheat.
- Biennials: plants whose life cycle is requires two seasons for completion. Ex: potato, radish
- Perennials: plants whose life cycle runs for more than two seasons. Ex: babul and palm tree
Parts of plant and their function
Plants are divided in 3 types
- Root system
- Shootsystem
- Flower
Root system: The underground part of a plant is called root system. Ex: carrot, radish
Types of root system
Functions of roots
- Root help plants to absorb water and nutrient from soil.
- Reserve food storage
- Roots provide a proper support to the plant’s parts.
Shootsystem: All parts of a plant that are above the ground form the shoot system.
Types of shoot system
Stem: plants stem supports the plant and holds it upright.
Leaf: The Flat and green part of the plant that grows out of the stem. Leaf also contains green pigment called chlorophyll which help the plant perform photosynthesis.
Parts of leaf
- Petiole: The part (STALK) of a leaf by which it is attached to the stem.
- Leaf lamina: The flat green part of leaf is called lamina.
- Veins: The line on the leaf is called veins.
Function of leaves
Transpiration: it is the process of evaporation of water from the surface of the leaves.
Photosynthesis: green leaves prepare their food with the help of sunlight, water and air by a process called photosynthesis.
flower: A flower is the reproductive organ of a plant.
Parts of a flower: pedicle, sepal, petals, stamen and carpel
Pedicle: A pedicle is the stalk that support the single flower.
Sepal: Sepal are modified leaves that function to protect the flower bud.
Petals: petals attract the insects and help in the process of the reproduction.
Stamen: These are the male organ of the flower.
It consists two parts: Anther, Filament
Carpel: It is a female organ of a flower.
It consists three parts: Style, stigma and ovary.
POINTS TO REMEMBER
POLLINATION: Transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma is called pollination.
NODE: Part of the stem from where the leaves arise is called a node.
INTERNODE: The distance between two nodes is called the internodes.
VENATION: The arrangement of veins in a leaf is called venation.
EXAM RELATED QUESTIONS
1.Name the prominent parts of the flower?
Ans. The prominent parts of the flowers are petals, sepals, stamen and pistil.
2.what are weeds?
Ans. The unwanted plants that grow in the field with the main crops or in their surroundings are called weeds. Ex: grass.
3.What are the unisexual and bisexual flowers?
Ans. The flower that has only male or female reproductive part either stamen or carpel ex: pumpkin and cucumber. The flowers that contain both male and female reproductive parts stamen and pistil are called bisexual flowers.
4.Why are leaves generally green?
Ans. The green color of the leaves is because of the presence of chlorophyll.
5.What are lateral roots?
Ans. The smaller root that grow on the main taproot are called lateral roots.
6.Explain the process of preparation of food in leaves?
Ans. Leaves are the food factory of the plant. Leaves make food for the plant by the process of photosynthesis. In the process of photosynthesis green leaves make food with the help of carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight.